blackhod Black vs. White in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay

Black vs. White in Heart of Darkness The unassailable glow of civilization comforts and protects us all, but is there something more? Is the heart of darkness lurking just below the surface, accessible to all but revealed to a couple of(prenominal)? In Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad provides the reader with the image of black vs. white in an attempt to convey the idea of an ever-present heart of darkness. Although the main plot of Conrads account is Marlows journey into the African Congo, this merely sets the stage for a number of deeper themes. Marlow was a civilized man who believed in imperialism and the acquisition of wealth until he was faced with the horrors within the wilderness. The African jungle is a far cry from civilized Europe, and in many ways Marlow found himself at a loss as to what the prissy course of action would be. Marlow was not raised to compete with brutal savagery and had always believed in using his logical mind to think his way come to the fore of any situation. This savagery first becomes apparent when Marlow encountered the shaded death grove early on in his journeys. Marlow saw the natives suffering immensely for what seemed to be nothing - their plow seemed for naught - but he did not speak up or stop his trek. This is also the first time that the reader gets a glimpse of the cardinal oppositions within the text. Marlow glanced at one of the dying natives, one with a piece of white ... ... Bradley, Candice. Africa and Africans in Conrads Heart of Darkness. (24 Jan. 1996). Online Internet. 3 October 1998. Available http//www.lawrence.edu/johnson/heart. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. Ed. Robert Kimbrough. 17th ed. bare-ass York Norton, 1988. Levenson, Michael. The Value of Facts in the Heart of Darkness. Nineteenth-Century Fiction 40 (1985)351-80. Rosmarin, Adena. Darkening the Reader Reader Response Criticism and Heart of Darkness. Joseph Conrad Heart of Darkness A good example Study in Contemporary Critici sm. Ed. Ross C. Murfin. New York St. Martins, 1989. Watt, Ian. Conrad in the Nineteenth Century. San Diego U. of California P, 1979. 168-200, 249-53.

Guide to Victorian Dance :: Victorian Era

Dance, Dancing, and Dancers The How-To Guide to Victorian DanceIt is with a great sense of responsibility and delight that I bring to you, young people on the verge of entering society, this short dissertation concerning the guidelines for cultured dance. I am confident that, as long as you adhere strictly to what is written in this manual, you will succeed in all your dancing endeavors.Dancers Place in Society due to the exquisite tastes of our Queen Victoria, dance, which is intimately aligned with musical ability, has become an integrated part of our society. Although the variety of dance ranges from the new Viennese waltz and the Sir Roger De Coverly to square dances and hornpipes, the nigh popular is the Polka. Learn it well (Victorian). As Mr. James Grant describes dance With what powerful emotions does many a fair bosom beat at the mere mention of it It is the everlasting topic of conversation in the aristocratic circles (Jackson).A Ladys Place in DanceOf all the things to recommend, it is of the upmost importance to remember to properly present yourself as a sophisticated young woman. It is more valuable that your dress should complement your figure than be of the current style. Ladies must perpetually be accompanied to a dance by an appropriate escort. Do not refuse a gentleman of your acquaintance a dance unless you nurse already accepted the invitation of another. If a gentleman with whom you are not acquainted asks permission to dance, politely refuse. Leaving the ballroom unaccompanied is unacceptable. When not dancing, avoid extravagant whispering and chattering, and when dancing, always portray pleasure with your dancing partner. Finally, under no conditions should a lady cross a ballroom unattended ( dance hall). Always portray yourself as a sophisticated young lady, remembering your duty to the host, to fellow guests, and to yourself.A Gentlemans Place in DanceGentlemen are evaluate to know very well what is required of them. When askin g a lady for a dance, use such phrases as, Will you honor me with this dance? or Shall I have the pleasure? A true gentleman will not sit next to a lady who is not an acquaintance of his. Under the circumstance that he knows her, he may ask permission to sit. Without proper introduction, a gentleman should not ask a lady to dance. White gloves must be worn at all times, taken off only to eat supper.

tragoed Comparing Tragedy in Hamlet and Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex) :: comparison compare contrast essays

Tragedy in hamlet and Oedipus the King Tragedy comes in many forms, for example earthquakes, tornadoes and hurricanes are all types of tragedies. On the other hand, when talking about tragedy in literature, it has a whole different meaning. Tragedy in literature is on a smaller scale than things like earthquakes, tornadoes and hurricanes. In literature tragedy is usually about unitary person and the horrible things that pass on to them during their life in a story or play. Oedipus is the main character in the play Oedipus the King. Oedipus is thought of as a tragic figure because he was doomed from birth. Tiresias, an old blind prophet, told Oedipus parents about Oedipus fate. He told them that Oedipus would kill his father and sleep with his mother. So, his parents decided to have him killed, only it did not happen that agency. He was passed by by two shepherds and finally to the King and Queen of Corinth, Polybus and Merope to raise him as their own. Oedipus finds his way back to Thebes and on the way kills his father, but Oedipus did not know that one of the men he killed was his real father. This is the beginning of the prophecy coming true. In short Oedipus obtains the throne, Marries his mother and has kids with her. Oedipus fate has come together without him even realizing what is going on. ultimately he is told what has happened and asks to be banished by his uncle/brother-in-law Creon. The tragedy in Oedipus life began with his birth and the realization by his parents that his whole life was doomed. However on the other hand, Hamlet did not know that his life would be a tragic one. Hamlets fate played out through his whole life. No one knew that hamlets life would hold back up the way that it did. Hamlets life first changed when his Uncle Claudius killed Hamlets father, the King and Claudius brother. Claudius just wanted to get to the Queen Gertrude. So he committed the worst sin and killed the King. Claudius weaseled his way into Hamlet Jr. sp ot on the throne as King. There are many reasons why both of these characters are classified as tragic figures. scratch line off Oedipus fate was determined from birth, and no one knew Hamlets fate. Oedipuss parents sent him off to be killed, and Hamlets father was killed by his brother Claudius.

Implications of Omnipotence :: essays research papers

Implications of OmnipotenceThe construct of omnipotence seems to reign prominent among most religions, specifically among their myths articulating the origin and the inevitable destruction of our beingness. Omnipotence, meaning all-powerful/perfect and predictably all good, produces many contradictions and questions merely by definition. The prospect of a life form being powerful is impossible. For the omnipotent being would inexorably be the causality and destroyer of all things however, a perfect (omnipotent) being needs not to create anything else, for it is perfectly harmonious in its state, let alone creating an imperfect universe necessary for destruction. Every race, culture, and individual for the most part seem to have some grasp on a deity or deities that omnipotently created everything and all-lovingly watches over all. round people volition declare these beings omnipotence as fact and infallible, but with no deliberation of the entire scheme of things. Most believer s, with some exceptions, say that one must(prenominal) have faith, and irrelevantly tack-on, Our god(s) is all-powerful, and loves all his/their children however imperfect they may be. If something is perfect and all- powerful then nothing imperfect can come from it. This also proves that the concept of opposition would not exist everything would perpetuate in perfect harmony. Most monotheistic religions such as Christianity, Islam, Judaism, etc. believe in a unity omnipotent god that loves man above all as sons and daughters. If such a being exists and is truly omnipotent, why is there so much smart? Man suffers from plague, war, and natural disaster. How does mans agony in any way depict an all-knowing and all-loving being? Followers often use the sayings It is his (omnipotent being) will or He (omnipotent being) works in mysterious ways, in order to justify mans constant sorrow before this beings feet. According to the Bhagavad-Gita (Hindu sacred book), when all the radiance of a thousand suns were to burst at once into the silent sky, that would be like the coming of the Mighty One. I am become death, the shatterer of worlds. With the presence of nuclear power, this quote seems somewhat disheartening nevertheless it reiterates the fact that if there is a force above all, it being omnipotent is unfeasible.

Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart - How Things Fall Apart :: Things Fall Apart essays

How Things Fall isolated There was a man who dreamed as a child of being well kn bear and respectedthroughout his village and neighboring villages. This man, Okonko, worked hardat his goal, and he achieved it. Okonko, a man with striking strength andpersonality, had achieved his goal to become rich and famous, a privilege thatwas unseen before in his family. Although Okonko reached his goal at an earlyage, his intent began to Fall Apart when tragic episodes took place. One flowerpot see that Okonkos life first began to fall apart when Ikemefuna,a captive who stayed at Okonkos home, was killed. Okonko had thought ofIkemefuna as one of his own sons. He was deeply saddened when he was killed. Onecan see the effects on Okonko from that event. First Okonko was unable to sleepfor the following three days. He also kept on getting drunk, and that was a signthat he was depressed. This incident also had a long-term effect on Okonko. Fromthen on his family would interpret at him as if it were his fault that Ikemefuna isdead. This episode can be seen as an event where Okonko looses some faith fromhis family. This corresponds to Okonko loosing faith in his father. Another important occurrent where one can see that Okonkos life fallsapart was when he was thrown out of the clan for a few years. From this episodeone can see that Okonkos hopes dreams have begun to fall apart. His hopes ofbeing a rich and popular individual had drifted away with this upsettingincident. Okonko had no longer had his farm or animals. withal Okonko lost faithwith most of his friends. This goes to show that Okonko lost faith with hisfriends, like his father lost faith with his. Another episode that showed the downfall in Okonkos life was when Nwoye,his oldest and favorite son, converted to the white mans religion, Christianity.To Okonko this was very upsetting because Nwoye was his eldest son, and Okonkohad the greatest expectations for him. When news came to him that Nwoye wasamong the whit e men, one could have foreseen that only no good was glide path toOkonko after that. By glancing at Okonkos life, one could see that the title Things Fall

Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart - How Things Fall Apart :: Things Fall Apart essays

How Things Fall obscure There was a man who dreamed as a child of being well kn cause and respectedthroughout his village and neighboring villages. This man, Okonko, worked hardat his goal, and he achieved it. Okonko, a man with corking strength andpersonality, had achieved his goal to become rich and famous, a privilege thatwas unseen before in his family. Although Okonko reached his goal at an earlyage, his intent began to Fall Apart when tragic episodes took place. One squirt see that Okonkos life first began to fall apart when Ikemefuna,a captive who stayed at Okonkos home, was killed. Okonko had thought ofIkemefuna as one of his own sons. He was deeply saddened when he was killed. Onecan see the effects on Okonko from that event. First Okonko was unable to sleepfor the following three days. He likewise kept on getting drunk, and that was a signthat he was depressed. This incident also had a long-term effect on Okonko. Fromthen on his family would tonus at him as if it wer e his fault that Ikemefuna isdead. This episode can be seen as an event where Okonko looses some faith fromhis family. This corresponds to Okonko loosing faith in his father. Another important point where one can see that Okonkos life fallsapart was when he was thrown out of the clan for a few years. From this episodeone can see that Okonkos hopes dreams have begun to fall apart. His hopes ofbeing a rich and popular individual had drifted away with this upsettingincident. Okonko had no longer had his farm or animals. overly Okonko lost faithwith most of his friends. This goes to show that Okonko lost faith with hisfriends, like his father lost faith with his. Another episode that showed the downfall in Okonkos life was when Nwoye,his oldest and favorite son, converted to the white mans religion, Christianity.To Okonko this was very upsetting because Nwoye was his eldest son, and Okonkohad the greatest expectations for him. When news came to him that Nwoye wasamong the white men, o ne could have foreseen that only no good was attack toOkonko after that. By glancing at Okonkos life, one could see that the title Things Fall

Emily Dickinson Poetry

American poet of exclusion, whose paper consists of passionate and emotional eccentric meanings with much complexity. Her poems interpret her relationship with society, where she struggles to mention her independence and needs to isolate from society to maintain this. Dickinson riding habit of structure, syntax and rhyme are complex and do not conform to the norms of poetic structure, which Is a par each(prenominal)el to Emails peculiar carriagestyle. Dickinson poem A prison house gets to be a friend explores her complicated understanding of limit point and freedom, reflecting her self-imposed isolation, wrought a male function.A prison symbolizes confinement however, this limitation provides freedom for Dickinson persona which Is represent In the opening line of the poem. The narrator explains her contentment with isolation when she says that a prison gets to be a friend. This use of personification establishes the idea that the persona feels pacifierable in their confinemen t, as if it were a friend. This signifies how Emily enjoys seclusion and has chosen a prison to be her refuge. In the pursuit stanza, Emily shows appreciation of her confinement through, the appointed peter which symbolizes something that provides the persona with support and structure.She uses symbolism of food in the second stanza when she writes It deals us- stated as our food to represent how the persona not only hungers, but depends on the self- imposed isolation. Dickinson uses juxtaposition to explain the seclusion of a prison by saying so miserable a sound-at first- nor ever instantaneously-so sweet, describing a prison as both miserable and sweet. This implies that although isolation may seem miserable at first, the privacy and exclusion will eventually grow on you and you begin to appraise It.The reoccurring metaphor of a prison being the personas room is explored when she says A geometric Joy, which suggests that the square shape of a room and its limited circuit bri ngs contentment and comfort to the persona. In the fourth and fifth stanza, the Idea that the prison and the key are an Illusion Is acknowledged when Emily uses the word Phantasm proving to the sense of hearing that in actuality Dickinson has created this way of spiritedness and is at ease with the privacy it provides. In the final stanza, Dickinson imply that freedom can only be redeemed after heart when she writes Too wide for any iniquity but Heaven.This suggests that you cant experience freedom until after life. And until then the personas self created prison is the only sense of freedom they can gain. With the use of language and structure use through Emily poetry her understanding of life Is clearly depicted as unique, as Dickinson recognizes the way in which she finds contentment Is of a depressing nature In comparison to the way others gain happiness. From this poem the audience may come to the conclusion that the personas view on confinement is an expression of Dickins on understanding of freedom and limitation throughout life.The poem l had been supperless should be read metaphorically. As standing for the speakers desire for what she lacks and what others possess. Emily reflects on her 1 OFF one, Emily writes I had been hungry all the years displaying through the use of a sustained metaphor of hunger that Emily had been lacking something all her life. This statement is written in past tense implying to the reader that Dickinson has now found or come to a conclusion about her desire for what she believed she was lacking.Dickinson is using the word curious to describe the wine, which represents re connection with people and their way of life which to her is difficult to understand where as to almost it would be normal. Emily lack of indulgence in human connection is depicted in the second stanza when she couples the word hungry with the word home displaying that to Dickinson it was normal not to have that emotional connection. In stanza two, E mily uses the window to symbolism the barrier between the persona and the world they want to inhabit, insinuating that Emily does not belong.In the following stanza, Dickinson uses Juxtaposition of a crumb to bread to highlight how different her world and the real world are. This is also a metaphor to represent her life and how she doesnt believe she has experienced the fullness of lifes potential experiences yet. Stanza four begins with plenty hurt me as a metaphor for the negative jolt that was created by these new experiences her persona had faced. Emily writing myself felt ill and odd outlines that once passion and love were obtained she couldnt cope with having it and felt uncomfortable.What she believed she desired she later discovered it was not what she wanted and was too much for her to handle. This make Emily feel alienated and spliced which is further implied when she says in the fourth stanza as a berry of a mountain bush transplanted to the road. This simile expresses to the reader that although Emily chose this lifestyle for herself she dumb it was not following the norms of society and made her a person of difference resulting in the experience of alienation and displacement.Throughout this poem Emily sustained metaphor of hunger allowed the audience to realize, by stanza 5, that she is defined by hunger when she says so I found that hunger was a way, which she clearly chose. The last nine entering takes away is a paradox which explains how experiencing the different ways of life has changed her and made her more confident in her purposely excluded way of living. Dickinson understand of disappointment in life is explored through the belief that we may often covet something which, once we receive it, disappoints us.This is what happened to Emily once she obtained passion and romance she realized it doesnt create fulfillment, however her unusual lifestyle is what brings the most satisfaction to her. Emily Dickinson conveys her understanding of immortality that is achieved through he written word in her poem A word dropped careless on a page. Dickinson use of syntax on the word careless in the first sentence puts emphasis the affect of the incorrect grammar of one word. This can reflect to a humans life and the choices they make, although being a small mistake it could have a large impact.Emily follows this with imagery of words being dropped on a page to hold a metaphor for a human life and display how fragile a life can be, and how the way in which that life is lived could encourage good or bad situations. In the first stanza the use of the word perpetual is laced ironically as it is followed by an abrupt stop. This enjambment highlights the choices can have an impact that will last forever. The second stanza is started with visual imagery of disease infection.This illness is a sustained metaphor within the poem, as she defines the infection as malaria, which will not disappear Just like the written word will not disapp ear. The existence of the written word is exaggerated with the characteristics of being immortal, in the second stanza and the use of a hyperbola enforces a long existence to words when Emily writes A distance of centuries. Therefore, Emily understanding of immortality is greatly influenced by the written word and how she considers that perchance her writing may have an impact after she is gone.These poems with themes of immortality, disappointment and freedom complement each other to help portray how Dickinson represents complex ideas of understanding life through her poetry. Although most may see a lack of human connection as a sad, unsatisfying lifestyle, we as her audience must absorb that this is Emily Dickinson chosen path for her unique way of gaining contentment, dealing with society and maintaining her independence.

Notes from Underground Essay

Man acts according to what he feels. His transactions atomic number 18 characterized by emotions that he is experiencing. Good or bad, it defines his role as a populace of action or an intelligent man. A man of action does things expected of him. He plays by the rules. He does things that needs to be done whatever the cost whitethorn be . The only price is happiness and contentment of doing what is necessary for the benefit of a nonher human being. A man of action encompasses the manifestations of physiology or human automobile trunk and his mind sees himself as different to others and that he can make a change or influence the course of history.Here is an account taken from Notes from clandestine Such a gentleman simply dashes straight for his object like an infuriated bull with its horns down,and nothing but a wall will fetch up him. For a man of action, what you see is what you get. According to Confucius, I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand, tha t is a man of action doing and acting with nobility not only to be remembered but also to be a model for others. An example of a man of action is Mahatma Gandhi.Mohandas Gandhi has become the sanitaryest symbol of non-violence in the 20th century. In South Africa Gandhi worked to improve living conditions for the Indian minority. This work made him develop a strong Indian and religious commitment, and a will to self-sacrifice. His example shows the world that all can be equal and will benefit from democracy that would bring serenity to humanity. An intelligent man sees things in a different light. It is seen through actions taken with wit.An intelligent man before he acts, uses his mind and devices a plan on what ought and should be done. Here is an example taken from Notes from Underground Your surname 2 But do you know, gentlemen, what was the chief point about my spite? Why, the whole point, the documentary sting of it lay in the fact that continually, even in the moment of th e acutest spleen, I was inwardly conscious with shame that I was not only not a spiteful but not even an embittered man, that I was simply scaring sparrows at random and amusing myself by it.It may not be for the commonplace good but it is the right choice. The goal is to fit in his social environment, to shadow the pain, burdens or motives that he is feeling and he has in mind. From an intelligent man, the intentions are hidden and facade is given to the audience the society. An example of an intelligent man is Adolf Hitler. He has a dream of having an empire under his control and posed the greatest threat to democracy also in the 20th century while Gandhi is promoting it.During his reign many people died and experienced the wrath of discrimination especially the Jews. I am not imposing that being an intelligent man is bad and a man of action is better. It is on the our discretion on how to use our erudition or strength that would tremendously help or harm mankind. There is no r ight or wrong decisions. It is how you manage your decision the good way. flavour is not not an easy one but it can be good.Works Cited Dostoevsky, Fyodor. Notes from the Underground, and The Gambler. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1991

The Definition of E-commerce

E-commerce is the dealing and selling of products and services by both businesses and consumers over the mesh. Such practices energize slew off over the last year as security has improved with more and more consumers now buying goods and services online. This coupled with the computer revolution of the slow twentieth century has lead to e-commerce now becoming the buzzword of trade and industry as hundreds of companies argon now moving online in an attempt to stretch out their product range and direct contact with customers.Firstly we must understand why companies are being drawn towards selling their products online. An e-commerce site that is implemented substanti completelyy ordure significantly lower both order taking costs up front and also customer service after the sale has been made. For exercise being located on the Internet essence that place does not enter into the marketing mix of an e-commerce fraternity. As its customers lead not visit the business, it mean s having a prominent high street location is no longer of importance in fact a business can be set up in someones home (if space for storage allows). Also when considering mail order companies in that location is no longer the need to scat the costs of designing, printing and s decisioning out catalogues. These factors contribute to e-commerce companies being able to offer products at greatly reduced prices as overheads have been minimised.A company now has the ability to provide customers with a catalogue that has a far-off more extensive range than that of which any mail-order catalogue could provide. Recently Amazon have advertised that they before long offer more than 3 million books, to further their service they also get around the customer the opportunity to read a interpretation of every book supplied and also other titles buyers of the book have purchased. It is inconceivable to imagine all this information being provided in any catalogue that comes by dint of the le tterbox.So we now can see some of the benefits that firms encounter from locating on the web but what do the consumers get out of this? It is now far easier to collect market research and make reasonable comparisons as by using the Internet you have the ability to amass, analyse and control large quantities of specialised data. The Internet can give the opportunity for customers to try before they buy. For example the online record store Klik-Klik-Whirly-Bleep-Bleep gives the online shopper the opportunity to listen to any record before they buy it, an essential factor to regular purchasers of records and especially djs.There is also the potential of wider availability of hard-to-find products and wider selection of items due to the width and efficiency of the Internet. One such(prenominal) example being Squaddies Online, this company has developed its success by selling goods that are normal in everyday life in the United res publica but are sorely missed by those that are oversea s for any great length of time. For instance amongst the current best selling items are Heinz Tomato Ketchup and HP Brown SauceThe increase in the ability to undertake market research has inevitably led to the reductions in prices as more suppliers are able to compete in an electronically open market place. This increase in competition has lead to better quality and concoction of goods through expanded markets and the ability to produce customised goods. When the motorbike company Dukati recently launched their online site they sold their stock within 31 minutes of opening with a popular feature being giving the customer the opportunity of designing the exact colour scheme of the bike.So far the benefits of e-commerce are outlined and you would be forgiven for immediately wanting to dream up your own way of becoming rich through the internet. But it is by no means plain sailing. heptad out of ten internet businesses located within the United Kingdom fail to trial their service bef ore it is launched. Even then almost all are in all probability to have experienced problems and over a fifth are now experiencing significant customer service disruption as a result of sudden surges in demand or server overload.Hundreds of web sites and not just e-commerce services have been launched in the United Kingdom during 1999. The Pricewaterhouse make group informs us on there website that this figure is set to explode to 60 billion within the next three years. and market shares are passing to be effected in ways previously unseen before through the failures of sites and service providers. Failure in e-commerce is not always going to be caused by poor products but rather by not building sites that are as efficient and usable as its competitors.For an e-commerce business to be successful it is essential that the sites are given thorough pilot tests so that faults can be found and also customer behaviour patterns can be learnt. It is possible that such a venture can take off as an amazing success however there is also the danger of overselling. This can cause potentially lethal consequences as if the server used is not big enough to cope with the demand then the site is likely to cut off or be severly disrupted through overload. Indeed any e-commerce system should have some sort of early warning device to notify the programmers that there are problems as soon as possible.So far the e-commerce has only been covered in terms of the internet through use of the home computer. digital television uses television to access a range of interactive services including e-mail and the internet.Once companies build websites to generate businesses they start to recognise the role the Internet could play in the communications process. veritable(a) so there are still worries that the Internet is still not receieving enough coverage in terms of those with access. However didgital television has the potential to cause a far greater impact.Digital television provide s access to a larger target audience as its popularity is currently growing at an exponential rate. The large range of channels also means that communications can be tailored to suit the person viewing more effectively especially with the wide range of visual and audio devices at the sellers disposal. Security is not seen as the same potential mishap as on the internet as there arent fears hackers being able to break into sites and accessing personal information.By accessing the Open interactive service on digital television you are able to visit stores such as Next, Woolworths, WH Smiths and Dominos Pizza. All of which are firms that are highly reputable which will also give the customer confidence when using. However it is not such an easy options for companies as there is currently a high cost of entry when wishing to act as into such ventures. Indeed currently companies are having to rely on the consumer having access to this technologyE-commerce is growing at an explosive rat e on the Internet. Before the end of this decade, millions of people will be buying, selling, bidding and advertising on a daily basis as the internet merges with other branches of the information highway. The new economies of outperform that are evident for such companies drastically lower the cost of establishing and maintaining a successful company.It is vital that any business wanting to start up in e-commerce should continually examine the risks and opportunities created by such a venture. It is essential that designers make use of the technologies that are available. In the long-term the risks of lagging now are likely to exceed those of continuing with less then maximum adoption strategies.Currently the Internet does have its limitations that may not make it suitable for all ventures. However with the rate that technology is expanding the Internet will soon become industrial strength whereby it will be possible to comply with all requirements and safety regulations. This wil l also include what services can be accessed and by who.The emergence of Digital Television has also increased the significance of e-commerce as now even more people are able to purchase goods within a matter of seconds even if it is in a slightly different way. By support e-commerce all sides will gain through lower prices and better quality. It is only a matter of time before e-commerce becomes an obvious part of our lives.

An Analysis of “The Klan’s Fight for Americanism” Essay

In 1926, Hiram Wesley Evans, then Imperial Wizard and Emperor of the Ku Klux Klan, print The Klans Fight for the Statesnism, a leaflet that dress out forth the principles and fundamentals of what many called the revival of the KKK in 1920s the States, a new version of the brass that was originally formed by Nathan Bedford Forrest after the Civil War in an effort to maintain the supremacy of the white man over the recently freed black slaves. The researcher leave behind analyze and discuss Evans writing in this paper from the standpoint of his views and specific tenets to be found in spite of appearance The Klans Fight for Ameri pottyism.In addition, the researcher will present views as to whether or not Evans views agree with those of the researcher, and ultimately, a response to Evans view will be presented. Upon the conclusion of this paper, the reader will flummox a thorough understanding of Evans work as well as some possible alternative viewpoints on it. A Brief Overview of The Klans Fight for the Statesnism In order to fully understand the various elements of Evans writing, and to adequately interpret it, a brief overview of the work itself is in order.The previously mentioned revival of the KKK in the early 1920s came in response to what the group called the infestation by aliens of America in the years immediately following World War I. As a result of the KKKs revival, by 1926, the organization had over 3 million members. The KKK increased its list of those whom it hated to include Jews, Catholics, Communists, and those who were members of the labor unions that were gaining popularity in America during that time. Hiram W.Evans, upon assuming control of the KKK in 1926, wrote The Klans Fight for Americanism as a means to lay the groundwork for what would be a new expansion of the Ku Klux Klan in the 20th century. Americanism as Defined by Evans One of the key terms that Evans uses in his writing is the term Americanism, something that he claims is a hallmark of the KKK. The term Americanism in this context has its roots in patriotism, something that the KKK claims to have in abundance however, the interpretation of patriotism that the KKK has varied greatly from what one would usually find in the ruling systems of someone like Abraham Lincoln, for example.Patriotism, as the cornerstone of Americanism, in this case has some far reaching implications. First, consider the KKKs definition of the American ideal within Americanism, which will first be presented by use of an actual quote from Evans work Americanism, to the Klansman, is a thing of the spirit, a purpose and a point of view, that can only if come through instinctive racial understanding. It has, to be sure, certain defined principles, but he does not believe that many aliens understand those principles, horizontal when they use our words in talking about them. . ..In short, the Klansman believes in the greatest possible diversity and individualism within the limits of the American spirit. But he believes too that few aliens can understand that spirit, that fewer try to, and that there must be resistance, intolerance even, toward anything that threatens it, or the fundamental national unity based upon It (Evans, 1926) . What Americanism is, for the Klansman, is the thought of liberty and justice for all, as Americans recites in their Pledge of Allegiance, but all has its limits along racial, ethnic and religious boundaries.For the KKK, coming right from the pen of its leader at the time, the American Dream was available for those who qualified by being a certain race, nationality or religion, embodied in the KKK credo of native, white, Protestant supremacy (Evans, 1926). using terms like mongrelization to describe the ethnic diversity that America was experiencing in large part due to the displacement of Europeans after World War I, Evans set up unlimited possibilities for a limited few, not much different from the slavery that America util ized prior to the Civil War. Another element of Evans philosophical system was what he defined as The American Race.This race encompasses people who are white descendants from the ancient Nordic tribes of Europe, Protestant in religion. Evans makes a specific religious distinction, saying that Rome shall not rule America, meaning that the Roman Catholic Church, and more specifically the Pope, will not have any hold on what The American Race does in the United States (Evans, 1926). A Response to Evans View While Hiram W. Evans, as an American citizen, has the right to conduct his opinions and views, likewise it is appropriate for the researcher to respond to what Evans wrote and professed in The Klans Fight for Americanism.As a response, rather than embarking on a long tirade of ergodic responses, his work will be discussed along the lines of carefully selected main points, which will give a better response to the overall work. Those key points are as follows DIVERSITY IS THE BAS IS OF AMERICAN GREATNESS- No one can debate that the many contributions made to America in terms of the arts, sciences, humanities, education and more would not have been very significant were it not for those of many different ethnic backgrounds who came to America seeking a better life and ultimately made America a better place for others.If America were only open to Evans American Race, the country likely would have been held back from its full potential. JUDGEMENT BY CONTENT OF CHARACTER- Decades after Evans ruled the KKK, Martin Luther King Jr. professed that he dreamed of an America where people would be judged not by the color of skin, but my theme of character. By limiting his view of Americans to be only those of the white race, Evans excluded many fine individuals from inclusion in the American Dream.This exclusivity again would have compromised the ability of America to grow and thrive as it has. ONE NATION UNDER GOD HAS MANY MEANINGS- The belief in God cannot, and sho uld not be available only to those of the Protestant faith that Evans advocates in his teachings and writings. A nation built on many faiths can provide a strong moral foundation and then has in the case of America.Aside from whether an individuals belief in God comes from the Protestant, Catholic, Jewish or any of a number of other theologies, the teachings of rate for other people, peace, integrity and morality has helped to make America great. Agreement With Evans? The researcher has clearly shown that there is definite disagreement with Evans and the content of The Klans Fight for Americanism. Having the reach of viewing the publication in hindsight, it is clearly seen that the American landscape would be vastly different in the 21st century if Evans ruled the 20th.Closing Thoughts It was at once said that those who do not learn from history are condemned to repeat it. In the case of Evans teachings and writings, this is definitely true. Luckily, the hatred that he professed has not totally dominate the American culture, but does exist today. Therefore, it is important for every American to pay attention to the past to avoid pitfalls in the future.ReferencesEvans, Hiram W. (1926). The Klans Fight for Americanism. North American Review, 223, 38-39.

Relationship Between Religious Beliefs Essay

The relationship between ghostly beliefs, ghostly organisations and affable groups is complex and diverse. Different groups begin varied needs and priorities. To what extent do sociological arguwork forcets and evidence support this view? Statistics show that women have a great participation rate in ghostly organisations than men. Women atomic number 18 more likely to express a greater interest in religion, to have a stronger personal faith and believe in bearing after death. They atomic number 18 more likely to involve themselves in ghostlike rituals and worship, for example, attend religious services and lead a more religious feeling generally. There are many sociological explanations as to why women are more religious than men. Firstly, Miller and Hoffmann intimate that gender socialization means feminines are brought up to be more compliant, obedient and nurturing than males. They state that women are more involved with feelings, co-operation and caring for others. However, Walter and Davie see women as more exposed than men, to the ups and downs and changes of life. This is because of their biological closeness through squirt line, and through their greater participation in paid caring jobs, for example as teachers, nurses, social workers. Davie suggests that these factors give women a closer association with birth and death than men, and these are also central issues for many religions. They make women more aware of the help slightness of human life, and more familiar to the unearthly dimensions for human existence. Women are also more likely to turn to religion as a endpoint of feeling deprived they are more likely to experience poverty, family problems, less egotism confidence and less power. This means they turn to religion for comfort, particularly in religious sects and advanced religious movements which provide theodicies explaining their feelings, as well as solutions and support.Status frustration may be experienced by some wom en, who lack personal fulfilment or status as a result of being restricted to the home by the constraints of housework and childcare, or are in unsatisfying lower-middle-class jobs, which are of importly done by women. sacred participation, particularly in religious sects or new age cults, may help to overcome or compensate for this. Due to women staying at home for child care or having part clip jobs, some would argue that this allows women to have far more spare time to be able to attend religious groups, thusly increasing their attendance. Statistics show womens attendance to religious organisations are higher than mens, however some Marxistfeminists such as Bevoir and hushing argue that religion is used to oppress women. The view that religion has negative consequences for women is conveyed in the study by Bevoir, who sees religion as patriarchal and oppressive.She supports the Marxist thought and suggests that religion is oppressive and serves to control and reimburse the due south class status given to woman. Which is similar to Marxs viewpoint on the polerteriants who believe religion gives women a false belief that they will be compensated for their suffering on earth by equality in heaven. This argument suggests that religion is patriarchal in that locationfore it is inevitable that it will end up having negative consequences for women. According to feminists there are countless example of patriarchy which have been used to control and later(prenominal) oppress women. Places of worship show this as they often segregate the sexes. An example of this is the Jewish synagogue in which women are placed behind screens separate from the men who in turn are situated in the main centre space. This highlights the marginalisation between the men and women. Although there are some rising female readers of religion, scriptures were first and foremost written and interpreted by men and it is men that are the head of the churches in Islam and Catholicism.Thi s could mean that many values and ideologies such as wearing the Burka, beatings, female circumcision and bans on contraception may have been misinterpreted for mens gain and passed on through generation to generation. May religious women are still not permitted to become priests or are all allowed to work themselves up to a certain level before they hit a religious glass ceiling, identifying where they want to be, but not being able to reach it due to the constraints set upon them. On the other hand, there are views to suggest that women are no longer oppressed in religion. For example, many cults are run by women and Paganism, from which many New Age religions originate, remains the most female-friendly undertake to religion with a strong feminist element, where God is a mixture of male and female, and strong female leadership is common. Individuals seem to develop a greater attachment to religion as they grown older.Religious belief is lowest among those under 34, and highest a mong those over age 55. Young people are not only less likely to participate in mainstream religious activity than older people more than half of them say they dont regard themselves as religious at all, as shown in such studies as the BritishSocial Attitudes survey and the European Values study. There are three main reasons as to why older people might be more religious than the younger generation. The first being disengagement. This means that as people come in older, they become detached from integrating mechanisms of society, such as participation in workplaces through paid employment. Older people may face increasing social isolation as partners and friends die. Participation in religious organisations provides a form of social support in this situation, and a network of people to relate to.The second is religious socialization, where older people are more likely to have a greater emphasis places on religion through the education governance and socialization in the family whe n they were younger. Lastly, ill health and death. Older people tend to be faced with declining health, and death looms on the horizon. These are the very things that religion concerns its self with. The aging process and disengagement from society may therefore generate an engagement with religion for comfort, coping, meaning and support. Young people are less religious in terms of their explicit religious belief in surveys and their participation in mainstream religions, however this may be because these are simply being expressed in new, private ways which are difficult to record in surveys.Lynch suggests that young people may be running away from naturalized ideas of religion as they can now go spiritual shopping. This involves an increasing exposure and accessibility to a diversity range of religious and spiritual ideas. This has encouraged new ways of exploring religion and spirituality. Young people may be choosing to take of their religion, of whatever faith or mix of beli efs, as a private matter. Davie expressed this in the words believing without belonging. This is where individuals may have a belief in something, however they do not chose to manage this belief.Secular spirituality and the sacred, Lynch suggested that young people may not have lost all religiosity , but that is simply finding new forms, many of which are associated more with the secular and non-religious world than with religious as it is currently understood by most people. Pragmatic reasons also mean there are a range of possible more practical or pragmatic explanations for the decline of religious belief and commitment amongst young individuals. Leisure activities have become a much bigger part of life, and shops and pubs all open for very long hours, including Sundays. Young people have more demands on their time and they maysimply have more interesting ad enjoyable things to do.

German Buying Habits

German Costumers Buying Habits Online According to figures released by the German Association for Consumer Research (GfK), 34. 1 one million million million German consumers buy merchandise or services on the Internet (2010). Among the most popular purchases are books, clothes, travel and concert tickets, and cars. Unlike in opposite European countries where there is a reluctance toward online shopping by seniors, almost half of Germans between the age of 50 and 69 buy merchandise on the Internet. Decision Making The Internet also plays a major role when it comes to decision-making among German consumers.Before buying merchandise or services,, they usually consult the web for training and to compare prices. The cheapest bidder is non always the winner tidiness, easy-return options, sustainability and quality of the product are more important in the decision-making than the price. International Shopping German consumers do not necessarily choose German products. The most popular o nline vendors in Germany are eBay and Amazon, with their international communities. Food and wine, consumer electronics, and even cars are among the most popular imported article. corporeal Social Responsibility 4% of consumers want to see more ethical behavior. And they hold both the disposal and brands accountable to deliver up 34% compared to 2007 for government and up 23% compared to 2007 for corporations. Small correlates to accountable in our respondents minds. 68% said small businesses act more responsible. By stark comparison only 16% thought big business could be responsible, irrespective of sector or origin. National pride and Made in Germany continue to gain relevance in the area of CSR. 52% of consumers believe national brands are more responsible, with the exception of the financial services.This is evident by their choice of the Top 5 most responsible brands (all German) Landliebe, DM, Bosch, Audi and Tchibo. By comparison, 37% believe European brands act responsibl y, 18% for UK brands, 11% for USA brands, and only 7% for brands from Asia. Companies and brands are an integral part of German society. And as such, society looks up to them to find the solutions. 47% of Germans see this as a critical factor for their brand choice (up from 43% in 2007) As we welcome stated before, strong brands that engage in CSR initiatives that dovetail with their offerings are better positioned to reap the rewards. And the research backs it up.

Global Financial Corporation Essay

international Financial Corporation (GF) a subsidiary of Global Equipment Company (GEC) is tasked with handling financial support for those customers who wish to grease ones palms GEC heavy equipment. Currently GF simply butt ones 51% of the call fors within the 10 old age or little period frame, with some adds taking up above 41 days. Ms. Rodriguez, the Vice death chair of GF has been directed to decrease loan bear on date to 10 days or less with the current staff she has.The current complex body part of the compend and evaluation stage does not maximize staff clock time effectively and as a force wee-wees a bottleneck in the process. We recommend switching to a case manager structure. lLan application program programs pile be touch and completed in approximately 3 days. This would allow for an increase in vividness to 255 with stunned adding staff (assuming 60% are remain new applications), which is a 16.9% increase, exceeding the 10% anticipated application increase.BackgroundGlobal Financial Corporation (GF) a subsidiary of Global Equipment Company (GEC) is tasked with handling financing for those customers who wish to purchase GEC heavy equipment. Due to the expense of the equipment many customers chose to finance the purchase with a lease agreement. Currently these loans are processed at GF Bakersfield location, which employs 14 people. A competitor of GEC has promised processing of financing in 10 days or less. Currently GF only processes 51% of the leases within the 10 days or less time frame, with some loans taking up above 41 days. Ms. Rodriguez, the Vice President of GF has been directed to decrease loan processing time with the current staff she has.ProblemsThe Bakersfield office is operating at only 86% of capacity utilizing 2990.5 hours of processing time (full capacity 3485 hours). In October they processed 218 applications, 89 were standards and 129 were News. The analysis by region shows that function 1 is handling the m ost applications at 78 (52 new, highest number among the incompatible regions), averaging 126.7 hours which, equates to 20.1 days. Region 2 is only handling a total of 66 applications (35 new) with an average processing time of 5.7 days, and Region 3 handling 74 applications (42 new), averaging 8.7 days. The Northeast office handles about 35% more applications with essentially the same staff. Only 51% of the applications are processed within the 10 day or less requirement.Analysis of the Current Processing Steps1. Analysis and evaluation stage is a single channel, touch on regularise multi channel, loan terms single channel, and final issuing a multichannel. (Exhibit A)The current structure of the analysis and evaluation stage does not maximize staff time effectively and as a consequence creates a bottleneck in the process. With the single channel structure loan applications are unevenly distributed among teams and create higher idle time for teams with less volume of loan appli cations to process. Utilization among regions varies greatly between 73% 95%. The following observation of the current structure was achieved using the MMK model (See exhibit B)* Expected cargo hold time in the governance for an application in Region 1 is approximately 37 days, with positive processing time of 14.10 hours. This is where the bottleneck occurs as it takes the evaluation team over 16 days out of the 37 to perform the review of 78 applications. * Expected gestate time in the system for an application in Region 2 is approximately 11 days, with an factual processing time of 13.40 hours. Of the three Regions, Region 2 processed the least applications of 66 during the quarter being reviewed. With a habit come in of 73%, Region 2 experienced the most idle time in the evaluation process.* Expected wait time in the system for an application in Region 3 was approximately 15 days, with an actual processing time of 13.56 hours. With utilization rate of 84%, this Region ha s the ability to handle an increase in applications. * Each region utilized over ten days of average time in system and showed bottlenecks.2.Interest rate stage is a multi channel process and is working effectively. Applications are processed quickly and are usually turned over to the next step within 30 minutes. The utilization rate is consistent at 64%, which means that this staff member can continue to devote only half of his time to this task.3.Loan terms stage is a single channel and has similar issues as the analysis and evaluation department. It creates bottleneck and work is unevenly distributed.4. Final issuing stage is an effective multichannel process with a consistently high utilization percentage. Each application takes less than 4 hours to process and utilizes time consistently at 93% of capacity.AlternativesRedistribute the staff to eliminate the bottlenecks in the process. Automate the input of knowledge into a computer database at the sales level eliminating dupli cate entry. * Generic queue would decrease processing time to 9 days. Evaluation testament drastically reduce to 2 days of processing, increasing utilization and reducing idle time. Active time in the system will be reduced to 13.72 hours. agitate all stages to a multiple, multiphase channel (Exhibit C &D). There would still bottleneck from the evaluation stage.* national manager would increase active time of application to 18.5 hours however, significantly reduce queuing time to approximately 3 days. This is assuming there are no teams during the evaluation stage and that the average time would double to 9.5 hours, which whitethorn not be the case. Change to multiple channel assignment multiphase. (Exhibit E &F) Eliminate bottleneck, service rate of 22.2 per FTE, per quarter.RecommendationWe recommend switching to a case manager structure. This would mean that one person will be responsible for the completion of a loan application (Exhibit E). This will provide for most effec tual way to minimize idle time and maximize utilization rate. Loan applications can be processed and completed in approximately 3 days. This would allow for an increase in volume to 255 without adding staff (assuming 60% are remain new applications), which is a 16.9% increase, exceeding the 10% anticipated application increase.

Dr. Jose Rizal’s My Last Farewell: Last Notes Before His Execution

Mi ultimo adios (Spanishfor My Last word of farewell) is apoem write byPhilippinenational hero DrJose Rizalon the eve of hisexecutionon 30 December 1896. This poem was one of the last nones he wrote before his death another that he had written was found in his shoe but because the text was illegible, its contents remains a mystery. Title Rizal did not ascribe a title to his poem. Mariano Ponce, his friend and fellow reformist, titled itMi ult Pensamiento(My Last Thought) in the copies he distributed, but this did not catch on. On the laternoon of Dec. 29, 1896, a day before his execution, Dr.Jose Rizal was visited by his mother, Teodora Alonzo, sisters Lucia, Josefa, Trinidad, Maria and Narcisa, and two nephews. When they took their leave, Rizal told Trinidad in English that there was something in the small alcohol stove (cocinilla), not alcohol lamp (lamparilla). The stove was given to Narcisa by the guard when the party was round to board their carriage in the courtyard. At h ome, the Rizal la excretes rec everywhereed from the stove a folded paper. On it was written an unsigned, untitled and undated poem of 14 five-line stanzas. The Rizals reproduced copies of the poem and sent them to Rizals friends in the bucolic and abroad.In 1897, Mariano Ponce in Hong Kong had the poem printed with the title Mi Ultimo Pensamiento. Fr. Mariano Dacanay, who received a copy of the poem while a prisoner in Bilibid (jail), published it in the first issue ofLa Independenciaon Sept. 25, 1898 with the title Ultimo Adios. 1 The stove was not delivered until after the execution as Rizal needed it to light the room. This 14-stanza poem of Jose Rizal talks about his Goodbyes to his dear Fatherland where his lie with is dedicated to. He wrote it on the level before his execution. Farewell, dear Fatherland, clime of the sun caressd Pearl of the eastern United States seas, our Eden lost Gladly now I go to give thee this faded lifes best, And were it brighter, fresher, or to a greater extent blest Still would I give it thee, nor count the cost. On the field of battle, mid the frenzy of fight, Others micturate given their lives, without doubt or heed The place matters not-cypress or laurel or lily white, Scaffold or open plain, combat or martyrdoms plight, T is ever the same, to serve our home and countrys need. Interpretation The first stanza speaks about Rizals beautiful description of his Fatherland. He used the biblical Eden to describe the Pre-Hispanic Philippines which is an imaginary clip of purity and innocence.He adores the beautiful country that he and others are fighting for. He said that he is smiling to give his life to Filipinas even though his life was brighter, fresher, or more blest than it isnow pertaining to the date when he wrote the poem. The second stanza speaks about the men who gave their life to his beloved country. Rizal said that their dedication and patriotism to the country is without second thoughts. It doesnt matter how one struggles, that all struggles, all deaths, are worth it if it is for the good of the country. The three stanza speaks about Rizals love of liberty.The image of dawn that Rizal used in the first line signifies the outlet that he adores. In the trey and fourth line, he places that if the colour of liberation lacks his blood, he must die for the country to attain freedom. The fourth stanza presents the flashback of Rizals love for the patria that started when he was young. He was young when he cut the martyrdom of the GOMBURZA and promised that he would dedicate himself to avenge one day for those victims. His dreams were to see his country in sublime liberation, free from sorrow and grief. The fifth stanza repeats Rizals dream of complete liberation. All Hail signifies that he is positively welcoming the dawn of freedom after his death. He also repeats what he has said in the third stanza that it is his desire to dedicate his life to the Patria. The sixth stanza describes the image of Rizals grave being forgotten someday. The sedge same sod may represent the countrys development, the growth of liberty, and that with the redemption of the country, he becomes forgotten. Rizal does not say here that he wants monuments, streets, or schools in his name, just a fond kiss and a spry breath so he could feel he is not forgotten.In the seventh stanza, Rizal says he wants to see or feel the moon, dawn, wind, and a bird over his grave. The moons beam may represent a night without its gloom like a country without its oppressors. The imagery of dawn has been repeated here and its refulgent flashes represent the shining light of redemption that sheds over his honour. Only the wind will lament over his grave. The bird does not lament him but sings of calm, the peace that comes with liberation and the peace with which he rests below.In the eighth stanza, the parable of the sun drawing the vapors up to the sky signifies that the earth is being cleansed by the sun like taking away the sorrows and tears that has shed including his last cry. Line 3 reminds us to remember wherefore he died for the redemption of the country. And he wants to hear a demander in the still evening evening because he may also want to see a beam of light from the moon which he stated in the stanza 7, and that it is before thedawn. Prayers he stated that will make him rest in peace in Gods hands.Rizal said in the ninth stanza that he also wants his fellowmen to also pray for others who also have died and suffered for the country. Also pray for the mothers, the orphans and widows, and the captives who also have cried and have tortured, and again, for his soul to rest in peace. The tenth stanza says that Rizals tomb is on the graveyard with the other dead people. Rizal says that in the night, he does not want to be disturbed in his rest along with the others and the mystery the graveyard contains. And whenever we hear a sad song emanating from the grave, it is he who sings for his fatherland.In the eleventh stanza, Rizal says a request that his ashes be spread by the grow before it will no longer take significance. His ashes represent his thoughts, words, and philosophy making it his intellectual remains. The emblematic ashes should be spread all over Filipinas to fertilize the new free country long after he is forgotten. The twelfth stanza again speaks about being forgotten but Rizal does not care about it anymore. Oblivion does not matter for he would travel far and wide over his beloved fatherland. He keeps his faith with him as he sings his hymn for the nation.Rizal says goodbye to his adored Fatherland in the thirteenth stanza. He gives goodbye to his parents, friends, and the small children. He gives everything to Filipinas. Now, he satisfies his death by saying he will be expiration to a place where there is peace no slaves, no oppressors, no killed faith. He is going to a place where God rules over not the tyrants. Finally, in the last stanza, Rizal cries his farewell to all his fellowmen his childhood friends, and his sweet friend that lightened his way. In the last line, he repeats that In Death there is rest which mean that he, being ready to be executed, is happy to die in peace.

Consideration is the essential element Essay

Introduction1 gibe to Lord Pollocks definition of favor which is an act or forbearance of one party, or the forecast thereof, is the monetary lever for which the hope of the other is bought and the promise thus given for time encourage is enforceable.2 Besides that, setting essential(prenominal) be something of value given or promised in exchange for the promise given by the other party in order for a valid contract to be formed.3 The term something of value stub be defined as a contributement, an act or services, an object or good-looking up legal right.There argon certain rules of term that pass water been established in the preceding(prenominal) human face. The first rule of stipulation is it will only exist when a contract is to be enforceable.4 Secondly, a good musing can be done in the present and future but not the past.5 A contemplation can be done even though the promisor has no knowledge of it.6 The fourth rule of setting is it does not have to be adeq uate or commercially realistic.7 Also, consideration must be tangible and cannot be too hidden.8 Lastly, consideration must be legitimately suitable in the eye of the law.9 The objective of this research essay is to discuss and explain the rule of the consideration which is consideration does not have to be adequate or commercially realistic but it has to be sufficient and how these legal concepts relate to the cases. Thus, this research essay also discusses whether Australia contract law should provide great clarity about what is sufficient consideration. Consideration can be NominalIt is one of the rules of consideration where consideration does not have to be adequate or commercially realistic.10 This rule simply means that the worth in return does not have to be right.11 Thus, appeal will not look into whether the impairment is adequate or not, as long as some price is paid, the court will not look further about it. Even though it is a very low price or a nominal price is paid or promised, the price might be a price in name only.The case of doubting Thomas v Thomas12is often cited on this rule. In the case of Thomas v Thomas where Thomas was ill and he had make a will but had made no provision for his wifes residence after his death. He called his executor and requested that when he died his wife could live in his house until her demise. The executor agreed and later drew up an agreement withthe Thomass wife. She was requires to pay $ 1.00 per year to stay in the house until she died.The court held that, any amount of currency is profuse to support a contract even though the price that requires to paid was only a nominal price. Thus, the court will not look behind the price as long as a price is paid or promised.Through the case of Thomas v Thomas, it shows that any some of money even it is small or nominal, it will launch good consideration for a contract.13 Besides that, the court are not involved in the price detailed for two reason which the first is the license of contract principle applies and the second reason is that the case wouldnt end if the court did look into much detail of the price to be paid.14Furthermore, consideration does not only express in currency terms, it can also be anything valuable. This concept has been stated in the case of Chappell & Co v draw near Co Ltd.15 In the case of Chappell & Co v Nestle Co Ltd, Nestle want to promote their barter of the chocolate, they offered put downed music to the public for the sterling equivalent of 15 cents, but buyers had to also send in the wallpaper from three 5 cents chocolate bar. Where, Chappell owned the copyright of one of tunes in the free record so they charge Nestle 6.25% of the retail selling price.Chappell claimed revenue of 6.25% of the record price plus the value of three chocolate bar wrappers. The court held that the empty wrappers were part of revenue collected. The fact that the empty wrappers have no intrinsic value to Nestle was irrelev ant. Thus, the consideration for the free record was the money plus the value of three chocolate bars wrappers.As we can see from the case of Chappell & Co v Nestle Co Ltd, the chocolate bars wrappers would have constituted sufficient consideration in the eye of the law.16 Therefore, consideration does not only express in money term, it can also be anything that is valuable.Consideration must be tangibleThis is another rule of consideration where it must not be too unknown or indefinite.17 Consideration must be tangible but not nebulous.18 This has been shown in the case of albumin v Bluett.19 In White v Bluett, a sonborrowed money from his get and signed a promissory note to prove the debt. He notices that similar loans were made by his father to his brother without a note having been signed. He harassed his father, and his father told him that he would forgive the repayment of debt if the son ceases the harassment.After the father died, the administrator of the estate found out the note and sued the son but the son argued that the debt had been forgiven in consideration of his undertaking to cease harassment. The court held that there is no consideration as the promise was too vague to have legally recognized value. From the case of White v Bluett, it shown that if a promise is relied on as consideration is too vague and indefinite that the courts will not enforced it and it will not constitute consideration.20 Consideration must be Legally SufficientThis rule simply mean that consideration must be sufficient and it must have a legally value recognised value.21 Thus, a perfect moral obligation or the natural love and affection do not deliver sufficient consideration.22 This has been shown in the case of Eastwood v Kenyon.23 In this case, as a guardian, Eastwood had incurred many expenses for the female child.24 As an adult, the girl and her husband Kenyon promised to pay Eastwood.25 At the end, they refuse to pay back then Kenyon was sued upon this prom ise. Therefore, the situation show that such(prenominal) a moral obligation is not a consideration.26Besides that, in general rule a promise to perform an existing obligation is not a sufficient consideration as it promises no more than what that party already bound to do.27The rule expresses the concept of illusory consideration. Thus, when there is a promise not to sue, or when there is an abandon to a claim, it can be a sufficient consideration. This has been shown in the case of Wigan v Edward28.Where the court decision is that, given that the buyer honestly believed that they do not fate to settle unless he rectified the defects, the compromise of that belief provided good consideration for the builders promise.29Furthermore, execute an obligation under a pre-existing contract is not a good consideration for a new promise for extra payment unless the performance of the obligation requires additional tasks to be completed orinvolves providing additional practical benefit to th e promisor.30 The additional practical benefit is an exception to the rule that a promise to carry out a pre-existing duty may create valid consideration.This has been show in the case of Williams v Roffey Bros & Nicholls ( catchors).31 In Williams v Roffey Bros & Nicholls, Roffey were a firm of builders contracted to renovate a head off of flats. Their own contract contained a penalty clause for late completion, so it was in their interest to burnish the work in time. Part of this work they sub-contracted to Williams. As work progressed, Williams fell behind schedule because, they claimed, they had not set an adequate price for the work. They negotiated a new deal with Roffey that an additional sum was to be pay on the completion of each building. When the next building was complete, Roffey refused to pay.The court held that, there was consideration in this case as the new agreement conferred additional practical benefit on Roffey, in particular an primordial completion would al low them to avoid the exercise of the penalty clause. As we can see from the case of Williams v Roffey Bros & Nicholls, a promise to perform an existing contractual duty does not provide valuable consideration but the case show that Roffey had provide additional practical benefit and then consideration exist. destructionIn conclusion, consideration must be of sufficient value in the eye of law and it must be something that identifiable and tangible. Thus, it does not have to be commercially adequate to the promise as the parties are free to make their own bargains and the court will not get involve into the commercial adequacy.32 Therefore, Australia Contract Law should not provide greater clarity as it is a sufficient consideration.

The Home Of Scholars And Champions Education Essay

For my fieldwork observation, I brook chosen dogged border engineering direct senior high school discipline. I am a first-time visitant to LBPHS, but I live three blocks from the check, so I see it every twenty-four hours on my fashion to school and work. I have been acquainted(predicate) with the school since my first-year twelvemonth of high school, when my school competed against LBPHS for host athletic events. long Beach engineering school graduate(prenominal) prepare was established in 1895 as vast Beach gamey School. Currently, it is located at 1600 Atlantic Avenue in Long Beach, California. The school serves different vicinities of Long Beach, including Bixby Knolls, every irregular reliable as subdivisions of two adjacent metropoliss, Lakewood and Signal Hill. Though the school serves double upscale vicinities in the Long Beach country, it is located in ace of the virtually unsafe vicinities in all of Los Angeles. Downtown Long Beach has a repute for conde mnable activity, particularly in the East Village, near Martin Luther King junior Avenue. The places environing the school are old and run down, and cheapjack autos line the street s borders as one base on ballss by. The high fencings, barbed wire, and penitentiary-type feeling that I got upon my initial visit were non reassuring, but the statistics sure enough were. Even though LBPH is located in such(prenominal) a bad portion of the metropolis of Long Beach, it is highly safe. Polices say that the school poses no bigger menaces than that of any high school in an upscale vicinity.Long Beach Polytechnic High School belongs to Long Beach Unified School District. LBUSD straightway includes over 81,000 disciples from 84 public schools in the metropoliss of Long Beach, Lakewood, Signal Hill, and Avalon on Catalina Island. To better understand the manner that the territorial dominion maps logistically, the salary agenda has been included in the appendix. LBUSD has even been rated on e of the top 20 school systems in the universe and one of the top three in the United States. The school ground has gained widespread acknowledgment for set uping really high criterions for its pupils, some(prenominal) faculty memberally and socially. LBUSD has even been featured in seven-fold media channels, such as Good Morning America and Sports Illustrated, for enormous faculty member and athletic conquest. Schools in the territory continuously exceed province criterions, and show dramatic growing in sustained academic accomplishment. The territory credits its successes to its partnerships with local concerns, Long Beach City College, and California State University Long Beach. The LBUSD, CSULB and LBCC have worked with local, regional and national spouses to make a smooth way for pupils that helps them procession from preschool to post-graduate school. The partnership has been particularly tidy for pupils because it combines academic and societal criterions with a deep ly-rooted support system to make critical, all-around persons.LBPHS presently enrolls 4,835 pupils. The pupil organic coordinate is 50 % male and 50 % female, and the ethnicities are 31.1 % Asiatic, 29.9 % Latino, 26.5 % Black, 11.4 % White, and 1.2 % Other. Long Beach Polytechnic High School has an faculty member Performance Index ( API ) of 750, and it has increased for each of the last five old ages. In 2012, 28.5 % of pupils scored proficient or above on the California Standards Test for math, falling rather abruptly of the province norm ( 51.4 % ) nevertheless, this imperfection is countered in English 52.1 % of pupils scored proficient or above in English. Harmonizing to an interview with the school principals, LBPHS has a commencement ceremony rate transcending 90 % The free and reduced-price tiffin plan on campus serves 63.7 % of the pupils. Enormously, the aid rate at the school is over 95 % that means that, on any wedded twenty-four hours, 4593 pupils are on camp us. With such diverseness and capacity, it is surprising that the school push aside keep such high rates. LBPHS offers many astonishing academic chances for pupils, including 11 attainment academies through which pupils learn. One of the highlighted academies of the school is called the Program of Additional Curricular Experiences, besides cognise as PACE. Pace is a high-velocity, aggressive attack to academics that merely accepts the go around work from the brightest of pupils it pushes them to their fullest potency, and this has drawn attending from many pupils who desire such an experience. Some other academies at LBPHS include the Beach Academy of maths and Science, the Pacific Rim Magnet Academy, the Center for International Commerce, the Academy of Humanities, the Media, Entertainment, Technology and Sports Academy, and the Medical and Public operate Academy. This system of larning communities has been extremely effectual because each academy specializes in a certain t ype of pupil the categories, instructors, and overall experience are shaped to the pupil s ends, instead than the pupil being particular by their environment. The staff exercise an perfectly important function in developing these dramatic acquisition communities.Long Beach Polytechnic High School has highly-qualified and experienced module. LBPHS presently employs 179 instructors who, together, have a middling experience of over 14 old ages. With 4835 pupils, the ratio of staff to pupils is 271, a reasonably fairish ratio sing the sum of budget cuts, layoffs, and dropped categories. Presently, over 98.6 % of categories taught at LBPHS are No Child remaining Behind compliant. The combined experience and student-teacher ratio aid to do Long Beach Polytechnic High School one of the best schools in the state.The staff and decision makers work together to form the multiple academies on campus. Since there are academies dedicated to particular skill sets and category types, there is no traditional English section nevertheless, there is are drove academies where English has an accent. The academies are headed by a instructor, and the other members meet to form and discourse a course of study specific to each academy, instead than safekeeping each section meet to discourse their ain course of study. The caput of each academy, every bit good as the staff list, can be seen in the appendix.Long Beach Unified School District has legion translation lists recommended by the State of California. The territory allows instructors, pupils, and parents to take books that are relevant to the reading degree and grade degree of the pupils. There are a sum of 13 lists, each with 100s of books -far as well many to name here, or in an appendix ( The reading list is 99 pages ) . The reading lists advancement in trouble, with List 1 holding the easiest books and List 13 holding the hardest books. These lists contain books with a tally class scope to assist pick books that are interesting and relevant to pupils in any given class. List 1 is included in the appendix.Any pedagogue could state you that interest and extracurricular activities play a important function, whether it be from parents assisting their pupils pick proper books from the territory reading list or from pupils quest an mercantile establishment from the course of study, leting them to come in a positive societal environment that can assist fix them for a life-time of critical thought and public service. Long Beach Polytechnic High School is no exclusion to this impression. Harmonizing to the school web site, T he full Poly experience includes engagement in the school s diverse nines and activities. The school has over 100 on-campus nines, including service nines and societal groups. LBPHS hosts legion formal and informal dances, lunchtime mass meetings, carnivals, community clean-ups, community public assistance and beautification undertakings, school beautification undertakings, a nd dewy-eyed school tutoring Sessionss. Students are able to take part in the Student Commission, a group, elected into confidence by their equals, that manages the ASB budget and makes fiscal determinations for the remainder of the pupil organic structure. The members of the Student Commission, every bit good as ASB, organize, manage, and take part in most of the events antecedently listed.Along with these countless nines so legion that there is bound to be something for everyone, pupil and module likewise, are some of the state s best athletic plans. Long Beach Polytechnic High School has a star-studded athletic history and plans for both male childs and misss. Recently, Poly received the Rotary Centennial Trophy for the 16th clip consecutively for running the most successful athletic plan in the metropolis of Long Beach. The school has besides been voted Athletic School of the Century by the California Coaches Association. In the last five old ages, Sports Illustrated Magazin e has rated Long Beach Polytechnic High School as one of the top athletic schools in the full state. The athleticss presently available to pupils of LBPHS are badminton, hoops, transverse state, football, association football, golf, swimming, tennis, path and field, volleyball, H2O Polo, wrestle, baseball, and playground ball. The school has sent to a greater extent football participants to the National Football League than any other school in the full state. Poly is non domicil to any dense athletes the school has some of the most demanding academic outlooks for their jocks student-athletes from Long Beach Polytechnic High School are extremely sought after. The school has much to offer pupils, from a broad soldiery of nines and activities to a distinguished sports plan that caters to some of the best jocks in the United States.The wealth of information that I have acquired while carry oning this study of Long Beach Polytechnic High School has do me improbably excited to get down working with them. I have non begun any observation, yet I am overwhelmed with the pride of going a portion of such a wondrous successful topographical point of larning. I have ever been a tough critic when it comes to academic establishments I have struggled to happen the good in schools when the bad radiances through some vividly. Long Beach Poly has reignited my flicker. After comprehend the astonishing work that the pupils and module are making, I have faith that we can do prox coevalss more critical, socially-aware, and brilliant. They may non hold the best installations ( they re located in a destitute clump ) , but everyone makes do with what they have, and they keep their eyes set non on the environment, but on their wildest dreams. The unbelievable success of the sports plan was something that I was cognizant of beforehand, but I was unaware of its magnitude until I performed this survey. I was genuinely blown off when I read that LBPHS has been ranked as one o f the top athletic schools in the state. Besides, when I read that, despite the big figure of pupils on the free or reduced-price tiffin plan, the pauperization rate of the environing vicinity, and the diverseness and size of the pupil organic structure, the school is every bit safe as any other urban school of its assortment. The rate of attending besides made my jaw bead. I went to high school in Temecula, California. My school was upper-middle category, predominately white, and we neer got anyplace near 95 % attending. All of this seek makes Long Beach Polytechnic High School shine even brighter in an already coruscate school territory. The infinite positive findings about LBPHS has dramatically shifted my position. Originally, I intended to carry on my fieldwork at that place merely because of my propinquity to the campus nevertheless, now, I intend to detect at that place because I am filled with school spirit, and I am non even a Jackrabbit The school looks perfectly fanta stic, and I am no longer afraid of such a intimidating establishment.

Nature in Literature

Nature plays a huge role in many pieces of literary productions, but especially Bashos condense thoroughfare to the Deep North and Voltaires Candide. There is a major difference between the two forms of literary productions and how nature is incorporated into each. This Japanese form of literature has a much lighter tone than that of the European style of literature. You can see a calmer, to a greater extent relaxed intention into the nature that is in Bashos Narrow Road to the Deep North.On page 413 in Bashos piece, it says As the year gradually came to an end and spring arrived, filling the sky with mist, I longed to cross the Shirakawa Barrier, the just about revered of poetic places. From this section, you can see that Basho gets his inspiration for his literature and poetry from the places that he travels, and this resulted in his linked-verse sequence. withal though Basho had a long, tough journey of travels the nature takes his breath away. On page 416 of Narrow Road to the Deep North, it says my body and spirit were tired from the pain of the long journey my heart overwhelmed by the landscape. This logical argument shows that regardless of the struggles, he could find a poetic sense in everything he went through. In Narrow Road to the Deep North, Basho also found religion to accompany the bright nature in his literature of his travels. On page 418, Basho writes, the green of pine is dark and dense, the branches and leaves bent by the salty breezeas if they were deliberately twisted.

Technology Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Technology Management - Term physical composition ExampleIn this paper, the impacts of technology on cost of business, human resources and customer satisfaction provide be examined with the intention of establishing its import in the aforementioned sectors. Many organizations atomic number 18 to a large extent hooklike on computers to handle their administrative tasks such as inventories bookkeeping and other clerical tasks which were traditionally handled entirely by personnel. The advent of the internet as well as growth in the diversity and readiness of computing hard and soft ware has signifi placetly reduced the cost of doing business computer are increasingly becoming to a greater extent powerful and cheaper to run due to the exponential growth in innovation. In addition, business owners and other entrepreneurs are better able to understand the cash flow and manage their repositing and other path be better ultimately saving time and money. For instance, today with only a laptop, one can open a business or even run a family without requiring to rent office space or hiring employees, the computer can store all the development they regard and they can use it to communicate with customers, suppliers as well as enthraling out product promotion. The availability of online trade and sales means one can order and ship goods from point A to point B in the comfort of their home. Furthermore, technology reduces the need for human resource since a computer can carry out tasks that were traditionally done by employees thus further reducing the cost of starting and running a business. The use of bookkeeping software such as QuickBooks and automated sales functions such as sales force allows business owners and managers to focus of strategy by cutting down the running costs and labour expenses. Technology withal provides means through which to cut indirect costs, these include cost of substitution which can be scaled down since with the option of telecom muting , one can work from home. Ergo, they will not only save on fuel costs but also reduce the core of time they spend getting ready to go to office as well as vocation jam which at times cost both employees and their employers valuable time which could be utilize profitably. Technology has helped to reduce the cost of storage by eliminating the need for double or triple initiation systems as well as amounts of paperwork that needs to be filed arranged and stored, customer data, contracts and any relevant information can be stored on online or hardware databases and accessed in seconds. Information and advertisement cost can also be scaled down significantly through technology, for example instead of costly TV ads, many firms are opting for online advertising through social media such as Facebook which can reach more people transcending geopolitical borders and which is either low cost or palliate. According to Jeff Wourio, a manager at Microsoft co-operations, inculcating te chnology solutions in business is crucial owing to the fact that with technology one can overhear among other things an online presence and that way they can cut down the costs of advertising significantly and bump off the resources to improving product quality. Online marketing provides a fairly affordable and at times even free avenue through which a company can, not only reach millions of consumers globally but also create a following of (fans/follower/friends) which serve to enhance

Chinese history--- Is Modernizing the Ancient Possible Essay

Chinese history--- Is Modernizing the Ancient Possible - Essay typesetters case chinaware stuck to the Confucian teaching of humanity and avoided by all means any technical accomplishment acquisition or professional training. This no doubt led to its backwardness.As history would tell, Chinas economic and political stagnation during the 20th century can be said to be their induce folly. It is interesting to none that China was a giant of traffic especially in the East, with all the resources that would be a pre-requisite for steering any growth and development of any country yet economically it was spunky (Wright 3). This could be explained through with(predicate) a number of factors. For instance, its response to the west when it (the West) widely opened its arms for trade with them. The Chinese rebelled against them seeing them not as potential economic partners but as enemies, coming to bother their culture and their way of life. This kind of reasoning is based on the fact that the Chinese were fully haunt with their culture and the need to maintain the status quo that any foreign interference would be met with resistance. They were therefore not linked by a program which could foster the countrys growth but by their search for what they termed as spiritual values and critique of the West and their influence (BBC 1).The Confucians view morality as a key ingredient for the cultivation of social relations with the essence of government being cypher short of good morals. Things however began to change with the collapse of the Han dynasty causing a stiff religious arguing with Taoism aimed at cultivation of meditation as a form of internal discipline. The reform that took place through the interaction with the outside world aftermath reshaped Buddhism as the neo-Confucians, giving it a new look on the self mindset and a philosophical evaluation of the world. This change was in itself not easy since China thwarted every attempt for change, especially on e that they viewed as being imposed on them by foreigners.Even though the

How Consumer Attitudes & Behaviors Affect Their Purchases Essay

How Consumer Attitudes & Behaviors Affect Their Purchases - Es claim ExampleThese savvy marketers understands their consumers behavior and thus sufficient to distinguish between sides and beliefs. Every year, firms (through their marketing departments) heavily invest in researches to identify consumers attitudes which are to a greater extent likely influence their purchasing behavior. Marketers go ahead to persuade consumers through promotions and advertising in revision to win consumer loyalty. Consumer Attitudes In marketing, attitude is defined as the general evaluation of a product or service formed over time (Maxfield, 2012). Attitude greatly affects the purchasing and buying habit of consumers as well as satisfying personal motives of the consumers. As such(prenominal), consumer attitude is defined as a intricate of beliefs, behavioral intention and flavors. On the opposite hand, behavioral intention of consumers is defined (in marketing content) by consumers beliefs and feeling about a given product. Consumer feeling and behavior are treated together as they are relatively interdependent, thus collectively representing purchasing force of the consumer. This relationship and interdependency can be stand for as below Attitude is majorly a psychological term that applies in all fields involving humanity beings. Attitude refers to the inner feelings and understanding of individuals towards authoritative object or concepts. Attitude may be either negative or positive depending on the existing environmental factors triggering the feeling. Behavior on the other hand, refers to individuals reactions or actions towards certain environmental elements in response to the internal or external stimuli. Attitudes and behaviors of customers have almost equal effects on the buying trend of certain product. Attitudes exist in three main components that admit cognitive, affective and behavior. Cognitive component of consumer attitude relates to the general con sumers belief about a certain product. Affective component of the consumer attitude attributes to feelings and emotional response of customers towards particular objects. Behavior component on the other hand, entails learned tendency by consumer to react in particular manner towards particular activity or objects. In this way, the psychological effects that drive the understanding of consumer/rational choice are clearly dumb and noted. Beliefs Belief is a fundamental component of consumers purchasing powers and influences. A consumer may either find out a positive or negative belief towards a product or a store. For instance, nearly consumers may belief that coffee tastes good while those with negative belief towards this product will say that it stains papers and is easily spilled. Though rare, some consumers have a neutral belief on a product (e.g. coffee is black). Other group of consumers may have an indifference belief about a commodity. Notably, the beliefs consumers carry on products have no to be accurate and at times may be very contradictory. Since consumers hold a number of beliefs towards the range of products, it is quite had to reach the bottom line of such variations in beliefs. Brand equity and consumer attitude Brand equity is an important concept in building and developing marketing strategy. Brand equity is an indication of profitability index as perceived by marketers. However, brand equity depends on brand attitude. From consumers point of view, brand equity entails positive brand attitude founded on

Initial conclusions regarding whether or not terrorist groups are Essay

Initial conclusions esteeming whether or not terrorist groups ar likely to habit WMD - Essay ExampleThe disastrous events of September 11, 2001 and some other(prenominal) similar attacks on the American nation and on our allies provide proof to that claim. These increasing threats to our rattling lives have made us adopt better measures on hostage front although the possibility of another terrorist attack looms consistently over us. In forcing their own ideologies onto free men these terrorists have no regard for loss of human lives including that of women and children, as witnessed throughout our struggle against them these tyrants would use any means necessary to chitchat fear amongst us. The use of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) against the United States is dominantly the most considerable threat. These WMDs in form of biological, thermonuclear and chemical weapons are not easy to acquire but non-state actors belonging to enemy states such as Iran and North Korea or fri endly states such as Afghanistan, Pakistan and others consistently try to get their hands on these weapons in order to inflict destruction on a massive scale.In an interview with CNN, secretary of State Hillary Clinton highlights the concern of WMD when she asserted he biggest threat to Americas national security doesnt come from North Korea or Iran but from trans-national non-state actors (Clinton 2010). She proclaimed, Most of us believe the greater threats are the trans-national non-state networks, primarily the extremists, the fundamentalist Islamic extremists who are connected to al Qaeda in the Arab Peninsula or al Qaeda in Pakistan and Afghanistan. They continue to try to increase the sophistication of their capacity, the attacks that theyre going to make and the biggest nightmare we have is that one of these terrorist member organizations within this syndicate of terror will get their hands on a weapon of mass destruction (CNN 2010).In the pages that follow we will comprehe nsively examine the use to weapons of mass destruction and the possibility of terrorists using them against the

Culture and Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Culture and morals - Essay ExampleWhile in the past, we were swayed to consider that the ways of England are the ways of the world, coeval societies maintain that all cultures are virtuous and deserve respect. However, with the United States, the prime crusader of democracy, rising to power, the compassionate rights and justice are emphasized to a higher degree, and instigated criticisms toward various cultures that violate their perception of morality. Unacceptable Cultures many a(prenominal) constitutions in this modern quantify propagate equality of people under the law. Although it is inevitable that an individuals social status determines its reputation, equal opportunities are still provided amongst citizens in almost all aspects of life. Over time, practices deemed unimaginable are abolished and acts that counter to peace and human rights are penalized. Apartheid, or the racial segregation enforced by the National Party of South Africa for almost 50 years was completely removed, granting independence to the marginalized black residents. Similarly, the American Civil War during the early 1860s eradicated black slavery and started the struggle for egalitarianism between the two colors. These practices that many protested against and sacrificed their bouncys for obliteration of, were inherited from the cultures of our forefathers. These may have lessened considerably, but the state of mind is non entirely changed. Moreover, other cultures regarded as repugnant are still existent. The Indian Caste System The caste system that separates society in terms of profession is prevalent among the Hindus despite contentions that such is not compelled in the scriptures but merely directed by the religion. Birth alone decides a mans status, and this cannot be altered by effort (Pruthi, 2004). They are not permitted to marry, associate and mingle with anyone outside their caste and if excommunicated, live as an outcaste, utterly separate from the rest. In this modern time, however, more and more cities are diverting away from the system in view that such is a deterrent to unity amongst citizens (Welty 1962). As new hazard that calls for cultural reformation presents itself to India, people will respond either out of rationality or necessity. In that sense, Indians of academic superiority are presumed more receptive to new influences compared to the rest. Terrorism and the Concept of Jihad On September 11, 2001, an American aircraft crashed into the Pentagon, another into the World Trade Centers north and south tower, and killed rough three hundred thousand people. The names Osama Bin Laden and al-Qaeda were heard for the first time (Katz, 2004), and intensified the long-standing antagonism between Muslims and the West. This was argued as a practice of jihad, which meant holy war, directed against the enemies of Islam. authorization is given unto those who fight because they have been wronged and Allah is indeed able to give them vict ory those who have been driven from their homes unjustly only because they said Our Lord is Allah (Sura 2239). Jihad finds its origin not only in the combativeness of Muhammad but in the culture of pre-Islamic Arabia (Ankerberg and Caner, 2009, p. 15). In the past, Arabian tribes were consented to battle against any other tribe, and war was decent regardless of its nature. The soldiers of the new jihad assumed the tradition and embarked on violent assaults,