Improving Public Infrastructure A Study Of Guyana

Using PPP Model to improve public infrastructure: A study of Guyana Foreign Direct Investment and Private Investments need adequate public infrastructure; which can be facilitated through greater Public Private Partnership within Guyana. If only we knew more about the determinants of investment! But, unfortunately, our knowledge in this direction is still very meager. One might well ask, what is wrong with the theory of investment? Or, perhaps, what is wrong with the subject matter itself! For one thing, this variable, -- the pivot of modern macroeconomics -- has apparently lived a somewhat nomadic life among the various chapters of economic theory. Perhaps it has not stayed long enough in any one place. Perhaps it has been†¦show more content†¦Consequently, the government of Guyana has realized the need for greater public private investments and consequently has favored the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model of financing many major infrastructural projects in an attempt to close this gap of inefficient infrastructure. Moreover, Guyanaâ €™s investment climate took a downward turn in 2013 as political gridlock and infighting hampered the country’s development efforts on several fronts. Notwithstanding this, the government continued to encourage foreign investment, but has had limited success in attracting that investment outside of the gold mining sector. Perceptions of corruption, inefficient government and inadequate infrastructure among others remain barriers to attracting foreign investment. Centered on the existing literature from published works such as books, journals and articles; this study highlights Keynesian theory on investments, as well as assess and apply the Kuznets Model by using the Kuznets curve to analyze and explain the relationship between infrastructure development and GDP per capita. Additionally, this study will also highlights the success factors for implementation which includes Political Will and political consensus, PPP Unit, the right vision, Good Governance and Continuity. It will also compiles a framework for cross analysis with the three (3 Case studies) PPP cases in Guyana, and checks for the relevancy of each variables based on

The Extent to Which Labor Unions Can Influence Human...

THE EXTENT TO WHICH LABOR UNIONS CAN INFLUENCE HUMAN RESROUCE PRACTICES IN BAHRAIN BY AFAF ABDUL AZIZ OPEN UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA THE EXTENT TO WHICH LABOR UNIONS CAN INFLUENCE HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES IN BAHRAIN BY AFAF ABDUL AZIZ Project Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Human Resources Open University Malaysia (May 2010) ABSTRACT Labor unions are legal organizations that consists of a group of workers who have banded together to bargain with employers on behalf of workers. The primary role of labor unions is to fight for better rights, working condition, wages, hours and benefits for workers. On the other hand side, management always introduces and implements†¦show more content†¦Introduction................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background of the study ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem statement................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Objectives of the study.......................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Significance of the study.................................................... ................................................... 3 1.5 Limitation of the study.......................................................................................................... 3 2. Literature review......................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Introduction to industrial relations........................................................................................ 4 2.3 Trade unions.......................................................................................................................... 5 2.3.1 What is a

Functionalists View of Education free essay sample

Functionalists look at how society works in a scientific way to see how it works. They have similar ideas about education too. There are three main functions. The first is socialisation. Education is a source of secondary socialisation. It helps to teach young people values, norms equality and achievement. Schools are the main part of a child’s day and therefore influence them greatly. The second is learning skills. When in education, you learn a number of skills such as numeracy and literacy. This has now been made compulsory to ensure young people are getting the best qualification of their ability. This will result in them getting the grades they need and having jobs best suited to them. The final one is the allocation of roles. There is said to be a fair system which allocates the right people for the right job. This is all based on their skills and qualification. We will write a custom essay sample on Functionalists View of Education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, everyone has a fair opportunity. Durkheim is a sociologist who compared schools to a miniature society. He believed that social solidarity, social order and meritocracy are learned through education to make people function right through society. Social solidarity happens when the children are made to work in a team or because they wear uniforms. If helps us feel like we belong in the community. However, it also makes people feel less of an individual and more of a group and responsibility is then taken away from them as they feel there are a number of people responsible for wrong doing. The second is social order. There is a hierarchy in schools which shows us some people are more important. Durkheim suggested that schools area small society. The final point is meritocracy. Schools provide us with a chance to learn the skills we need to earn a desirable job. They pass on the ideas of division of labour and such things. This is when role allocation takes place. It sorts out people to the jobs they are best suited. Another functionalist is Parsons. He saw schools as the main way to set norms and values through society. He sees that school and the things we learn will apply to society. It also helps us to become ready for our future in a wider society. He explains how meritocracy takes place. Children who work hard get the best jobs and are rewarded for this. The other children are then encouraged to work harder. Therefore, schools are competitive. However, Parsons was criticised because he didn’t conduct any practical research. Therefore, his theories cannot be tested. Also, he doesn’t take into account the negative things in society such as racism. The final sociologists with a functionalist view that I will cover are Davis and Moore. They believe that the education system is unequal but because society is full of inequalities. They believe that because inequalities exist, it is for the good of society. However, this is not the case. An example of this is that white and black people are treated unequal and this is not good for society. By people seeing a person of different colour skin to them, they may act racist and this is now illegal. Further criticisms are that functionalists fail to explain how or why society changes. Functionalists base there theories on a society that doesn’t change. However, this is not the case. Also, people in society don’t necessarily share the same values in life. Social groups from the same society have different values. Functionalists argue that education passes on the norms of society to create value consensus, however it may be difficult to create value consensus because various social groups will have a different value. Marxist believe that middle-class children are most likely to achieve higher grades and therefore achieve jobs which are seen as ‘middle-class’ jobs. Middle class people have the money and lives which are likely to carry them on through higher education and achieve the skills needed for better paying jobs. This view contradicts the functionalists view but it is great view with evidence through everyday life. Therefore, this is a criticism.

Nationalism and Liberalism of the French Revolution Essay Sample free essay sample

In 1948 the people of Europe grew weary of the corruptness and economic jobs within their authoritiess. France was the first to move and shortly the remainder of Europe followed. Metternich one time said that â€Å"When France sneezes the remainder of Europe gimmicks cold† . Austria was another state that was non pleased with their authorities and position of societal categories. The drive force behind the revolutions in Europe was the political orientations of patriotism and liberalism. Patriotism is the pride in one’s ain national group based on civilization linguistic communication and history. and frequently led to the desire for an independent political province ( notes / McKay 691 ) . Liberalism is the political orientation of equality and autonomy. Liberals besides sought after â€Å"equality before the jurisprudence every bit good as single freedoms such as freedom of the imperativeness. freedom of address. freedom of assembly. and freedom of arbitrary apprehen sion ( McKay 691 ) . France and Austria’s premature revolutions hurting for political reform. We will write a custom essay sample on Nationalism and Liberalism of the French Revolution Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page fueled by patriotism and liberalism. ended every bit rapidly as they began. The revolutionists of France and Austria both wanted the same three things ; a constitutional authorities. independency and fusion of national groups. and an terminal to serfdom ( notes ) . Liberals were unhappy in Austria because the Austrian authorities was reactionist and started interrupting up broad establishments as they were formed. Liberals were non pleased by this because. since the industrial revolution people started believing for themselves. The people of Austria did non desire their authoritarian authorities to maintain doing corrupt Torahs that did non assist the state as a whole. Liberals in France and Austria wanted a fundamental law naming for a new authorities because most of the citizens could non vote. The jurisprudence in France stated that in order for you to vote you must have land. The bulk of the in-between on the job category rented flats which shut them out from all authorities determinations and elections. To an extent Patriotism was a factor in both revol utions but more so in the Austrian revolution. When the Hungarian radical leaders tried to unite all of the states that made up the land of Hungary the minority groups. the Croats. Serbs. and Romanians. thought that was unbearable ( McKay 709 ) . Each group felt that it should be its ain district to regulate its people the manner they want. In world these groups of minority’s thought of patriotism. more or less individual handedly disbanded the Austrian revolution. The people of France and Austria wanted political alteration. In France under Louis Philippe’s â€Å"bourgeois monarchy† there was a great trade of corruptness and statute law straight for Philippe’s involvements. When Louis Philippe refused to reform the elections and when he forbid the great feast to take topographic point. workers and pupils barricaded the streets demanding a new authorities ( McKay 707 ) . In response Philippe ordered the National Guard to take a base. but the National Guard broke ranks and joined in the rebellion ( McKay 707 ) . After a successful putsch d’etat a 10 adult male commission drafted France’s new fundamental law doing France a democratic democracy. The intent of this is so that all male citizens could take part and hold a say in authorities. This made giving the right to vote to all work forces possible. While the revolution in France was looking positive. Hungary besides decided to follow suit and demand political alteration. Magyars demanded â€Å"national liberty. full civil autonomies. and cosmopolitan suffrage† ( McKay 709 ) . When the monarchy did non answer a full graduated table rebellion broke out. Middle category workers and pupils decided to arise by constructing roadblocks in the streets. Under great force per unit area Ferdinand gave in to the revolutionary’s demands by assuring â€Å"reforms and a broad constitution† ( McKay 709 ) . These political alterations were short lived though. Difference in political positions on how the new authoritiess should be run was the start of the unraveling for both France and Austria. In France there was a difference in positions between the two alliances. the moderate broad republicans and the extremist Republicans ( McKay 707 ) . The extremist Republicans were committed to some kind of societal authorities plan that would assist the hapless out of their wretchedness and desperation. On the other manus there were the broad Republicans that opposed any kind of societal plans. Due to increasing unemployment Louis Blanc proposed a government-sponsored workshop to be established to assist help the unemployment job. The workshops were put into consequence and even though no 1 liked these workshops they did assist the employment crisis. On June 22nd the national workshops were liquidated which caused a major struggle to interrupt out ( McKay 707 ) . This clip the probationary author ities had the ground forces on their side and ended the contending fleetly. â€Å"In topographic point of a generous democratic democracy. the Component Assembly completed a fundamental law having a strong executive† ( McKay 707 ) which was precisely what the revolutionists did non desire in the first topographic point ; which efficaciously ended the Gallic revolution. The Austrian revolution that started in Hungary was weakened because of â€Å"conflicting national aspirations† ( McKay 709 ) . As stated before the fundamental law that was pushed through by the Hungarian radical leaders. was non appealing to the minority groups of Hungary. The original monarchy used this struggle to allow the two sides eat each other so that Archduchess Sophia could recover the original monarchy’s power ( McKay 709 ) . A breakthrough conflict was won on June 17th when an ground forces barraged Prague and killed 1000s of working category revolutionists. The old monarchy got the minority nationalities of Hungary to turn on the radical authorities and get rid of it ( McKay 712 ) . Once the radical authorities was wiped out Archduchess Sophia’s boy was crowned Emperor of Austria. â€Å"Thus the finding of the Austrian nobility and the trueness of its ground forces were the concluding ingredients in the victory of reaction and licking of revolution † ( McKay 712 ) .